Iran Breast
Surgeons Group

A musculocutaneous flap is a type of connective tissue that includes both the skin and the underlying muscle, commonly used in reconstructive and cosmetic surgeries to restore damaged areas of the body. These flaps have their own independent blood supply, allowing them to be transferred to a new site while maintaining their nourishing vessels. One of the main advantages of this type of flap is the increased tissue volume in the reconstructed area and improved wound healing. Musculocutaneous flaps are used in breast reconstruction, deep wound repair, and severe burn treatment. The choice of flap depends on the location of the defect, the patient’s overall condition, and the surgical objective. The most common musculocutaneous flaps include the latissimus dorsi flap and the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap. These flaps can be used either as rotational or free flaps. The success of surgery using musculocutaneous flaps depends on careful planning and the surgeon’s technique.

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women, forming in the cells of breast tissue. It may present as a painless lump, a change in the shape or size of the breast, or abnormal discharge from the nipple. Risk factors include a family history of the disease, genetic mutations, aging, and an unhealthy lifestyle. Early detection through mammography and regular check-ups plays a crucial role in successful treatment. Treatment methods include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. Raising awareness and practicing breast self-examinations can help with early diagnosis. Although breast cancer is more common in women, men can also be affected. With timely treatment and specialized care, life expectancy in patients can significantly improve.

Chemotherapy is one of the main treatment methods for cancer that uses chemical drugs to target and prevent the growth and division of cancer cells. These drugs may be administered orally, by injection, or intravenously. Chemotherapy can be used alone or in combination with surgery, radiation therapy, or other treatments. Its primary goals are to reduce tumor size, prevent the spread of cancer, and increase the patient’s lifespan. Common side effects include nausea, hair loss, weakened immune system, and fatigue. The severity of these side effects depends on the type of drug, dosage, and the patient’s overall health. With medical advancements, new drugs with fewer side effects are being developed. Supportive care alongside chemotherapy helps improve the quality of life for patients.